Summary Of A Christmas Carol - 11802 Words

A Christmas Carol Setting There are multiple locations and time periods to this play.There is no set country so no accents are needed. The narration takes place in a living room during a storm and a black out in the modern times( 2000-now). Scrooges’ story takes place in the 1920’s (depression era),The Spirits bring him back to 1900’s,and the â€Å"future† maybe 5 years ahead from the main story. Characters 6M/4F/10either doubling option/Extras optional There are 3 Narrators in the present( 2000-now) Grandpa†¦..Approx 70-80 years old. Still has pep in his step and a young misdemeanor 32 Grandma†¦..Same age as Grandpa. Young at heart 21 Grandchild...Boy or girl can be Robert or Roberta 27 Story within the story 1920’s Child 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Boy or girl dressed for outdoors in winter 4 Child 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..same 3 Multiple children can be added as wanted. can be a large group or 2-3 Scrooge†¦..Hard,unfeeling,no nonsense, business minded,makes a dramatic transformation Bob Cratchit..Kindly man, father,husband,easy going Fred†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Scrooges’ nephew,only child of his beloved sister. Happy,hopeful,fun loving( can be played as a niece with a name change) 3 Collectors.. Collecting for the poor either male or female Marley†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Scrooge’s old partner, appears as a ghost in chains with money boxes Spirit of Christmas past†¦.male or female..ethereal beauty Young Scrooge:....Still had hope and love of man kind Fan:.....................Scrooges beloved sister of ScroogeShow MoreRelatedScrooge Is A Miserable And Greedy Old Man Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesEbenezer Scrooge is a miserable and greedy old man, who focuses mainly on his business and continues with his greedy ways on Christmas Eve. He is always grumpy and yells at his employees, and most of all at Bob Cratchit. Scrooge’s desire is to be by himself on Christmas Eve, and rejects his nephew Fred’s, invitation for dinner. One night, the ghost of Jacob Marley, a former colleague of Scrooge, who has passed away seven years ago, visits the old man. Marley reminds Scrooge of his cruel lifestyleRead MoreDrama And Themes Of Drama1111 Words   |  5 Pagescomedy, action, romance, etc., in turn making it the most common genre of movies (Dirks, 2015). Drama focuses on realistic characters with a realistic story line, high intensity special effects are not usually prevalent in dramas. The Help, A Christmas Carol, Mr. Mom, ar e the dramas chosen that I feel depict race, social class, and gender representation each at a very different level, based on the time period implied in the movie. COMMONALITIES AND CHOSEN ISSUES If I am going to see a movie basedRead MoreGiovanni s Room By James Baldwin1723 Words   |  7 Pagescharacter Therese finds herself attracted to a mature lady named Carol. Therese is a young lady who works in retail selling dolls at a department store in New York City. She was an aspiring set designer, but her seasonal job for the winter was selling dolls that end up peeing themselves as gifts for young girls. Therese meets Carol because she was one of the customers that caught her attention trying to buy her daughter a doll for Christmas. After leaving, she ends up leaving her one of her belongingsRead MoreThe Music Of A Christmas Carol1333 Words   |  6 Pageswhen Hester claims that she thought it was her playing the organ (Gaskell 18). Being that Miss Furnivall is deaf, and is therefore an unlikely musician, this insinuates that Miss Furnivall is connected to this problem. However similar to â€Å"A Christmas Carol†, the music is suggested to be derived from ghostly m eans, because the organ is found to be broken inside, therefore unable to be played normally (Gaskell 18). This thought is later underlined when the child, Rosamond, goes missing, and ghostsRead MoreVictorian Ghost Stories Nearly Always Encompass Family1361 Words   |  6 Pagespresent throughout many of the periods ghost stories and other genres. 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On the way outRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder And Media Depictions3153 Words   |  13 Pagesfinds nine taped sessions of a patient by the name of Mary Hobbes, who had three different personalities (The Princess, Billy and Simon). In the tapes, the doctor who was treating Mary keeps asking her and her personalities about what happened on Christmas night in Lowell when she was a child. More and more details are uncovered in each session but one thing remains constant, neither Billy nor the Princess want to talk about Simon. The doctor continues to try and coax him out with no luck until theRead MoreThe Evidence Of Unbound Loyalty1746 Words   |  7 Pagespresents many captivating ideas, the focus of this particular monograph will concentrate on the unfailing loyalty of his characters and how this faithfulness will lead to their benefit or downfall. Before delving too deep in detail however, a brief summary must be presented. Oliver is born an orphan into a workhouse in a quaint little town about 70 miles outside of London, England. Oliver spends the first eight years of his life abused and neglected in a â€Å"child farm† ran by the parish, and soon afterRead MoreEssay Cry Baby Complaints2299 Words   |  10 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Company had received a number of complaints about the product of â€Å"Cry Baby† doll after Christmas. The complaints were about the malfunction of the product that leakage of water and unable to cry when pressed the certain button, and the doll’s eyes were easily removed that harmful to children potentially. For that reason, an investigation into the incident was conducted. After interviewed with staff, the 120 complainants and looked into the data, reports and guidelines, weRead MoreRe Sba on Festivals in Christianity2193 Words   |  9 Pages 1 Information Collection 2 Summary of Findings 3 Conclusion

Illusion vs. Reality in The Glass Menagerie Essay

Illusion vs. Reality in The Glass Menagerie In The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams uses the roles of the members of the Wingfield family to highlight the controlling theme of illusion versus reality. The family as a whole is enveloped in mirage; the lives of the characters do not exist outside of their apartment and they have basically isolated themselves from the rest of the world. Even their apartment is a direct reflection of the past as stories are often recalled from the mothers teenage years at Blue Mountain, and a portrait of the man that previously left the family still hangs on the wall as if his existence is proven by the presence of the image. The most unusual factor of their world is that it appears as†¦show more content†¦This results in her dangling from the present, just as she does from the past. She is attempting to hold two worlds together and realizes that both are crumbling beneath her fingers (Nelson 361). In her attempts to gain a grasp on both worlds and make her dreams happen Amanda fails t o acknowledge that Laura is rather unusual. She refuses to refer to Laura as crippled; she merely refers to Lauras handicap as a minor defect. That defect is not the only difference of her daughter that Amanda refuses to acknowledge: Lauras lack of normal hobbies, along with her shyness, are not referred to as differences, but as advantages over other girls. Amanda also places refusal of acknowledgement as she puts standards behind the books Tom reads, and even puts a damper on his creative thinking as he expresses himself in poetry. Amanda is simply unable to accept Tom and Laura as they are (Griffen 63). She even goes as far as to pressure Tom into bringing a young man home from the warehouse where he works in hopes that it can be Lauras first gentleman caller. Tom invites a man by the name of Jim OConnor, and as soon as Amanda hears the news of the coming of the gentleman caller, she wastes absolutely no time in making plans and setting things up. She goes into a frenzy as she ma kes a huge ordeal over Jims soon expected arrival, and makes Laura terribly nervous in the process.Show MoreRelatedIllusion Vs. Reality In The Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams1022 Words   |  5 PagesIllusion versus reality is a theme that illustrates the conflict people have when they have difficulties in their lives. They want to deny or ignore the difficulty, so they force themselves to think in a different way and believe something that is not true, thus, making an imaginary world for themselves. They have a desire to live in a different world and fool themselves to thinking that they are, but in reality, they are not. Authors use this theme in their writing to highlight the effect of theseRead More Illusion vs. Reality in Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie1614 Words   |  7 PagesIllusion vs. Reality in Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams, contains multiple themes.   While there are many themes, the theme that holds the piece together is illusion versus reality.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This theme is established very quickly, In fact, the first paragraph of the play describes the illusions to take place, But I am the opposite of a stage musician.   He gives you illusion that has the appearance of truth.   I give you truthRead MoreTennessee Williams and Works, a Look at Illusion vs. Reality1625 Words   |  7 PagesIllusion Vs. Reality Tennessee Williams and his works deal heavily in the contrast of illusion and reality and the characters struggle with this. Illusion vs. Reality is a major theme is mostly all of his dramatic works. The majority of these characters find themselves in a state of illusion. This was intended by Tennessee Williams to show how unavoidable and definite falling into illusion, or insanity, can be. Williams sister Rose affected him greatly when she became schizophrenic. ThisRead MoreImportant Symbols and Themes of The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams7390 Words   |  30 PagesImportant Symbols and Themes of The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams Tennessee Williams play, The Glass Menagerie is considered a memory play because it is told from the memory of the narrator. The narrator, who is also a character, is Tom Wingfield, the youngest member of the Wingfield family. The other characters are Amanda Wingfield, his mother; Laura Wingfield, his older sister; and Jim OConnor the gentleman caller. A fifth character is represented by the photograph Read MoreDeath of a Salesman (Analysis and Personal Reaction)2850 Words   |  12 PagesArthur Miller about a salesman struggling to keep his grip on reality and his family. This play is a memory play, switching from present to past and vice versa whenever Willy, the salesman and father of the family, has a moment of insanity and returns to times gone by. Being memory, it allows for music to announce emotions and characters, and well as exaggerations and/or omissions. As Tom says in Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie: Being a memory play, it is dimly lighted, it is sentimental

Litrature Review on Fii’s Impact on Indian Banking Sector Free Essays

Women Empowerment in India Women empowerment in India is a challenging task as we need to acknowledge the fact that gender based discrimination is a deep rooted social malice practiced in India in many forms since thousands of years. The malice is not going to go away in a few years or for that matter by attempting to work at it through half-hearted attempts. Formulating laws and policies are not enough as it is seen that most of the times these laws and policies just remain on paper. We will write a custom essay sample on Litrature Review on Fii’s Impact on Indian Banking Sector or any similar topic only for you Order Now The ground situation on the other hand just remains the same and in many instances worsens further. Addressing the malice of gender discrimination and women empowerment in India is long drawn battle against powerful structural forces of the society which are against women’s growth and development. Women empowerment in India: The need for ground level actions We have to accept the fact that things are not going to change overnight but because of this we cannot stop taking action either. At this juncture the most important step is to initiate ground level actions however small it might seem. The ground level actions should be focussed towards changing the social attitude and practices prevalent in the society which are highly biased against women. This can be initiated by working with the women at the root level and focusing on increasing women’s access and control over resources and increasing their control over decision making. Further working on the aspect of enhanced mobility and social interaction of women in the society would positively influence all round development and empowerment of women in India. Women empowerment in India: Reality check at the ground level Today there are lot of things that is happening in the name of women empowerment in India and lot of resources are spent in this direction. Keeping this in mind it is crucial to have a reality check on what is happening on paper and what is the actual ground situation. It is worthwhile to ponder on the fact that we are one of the worst in terms of worldwide gender equality rankings. In India women are discriminated and marginalized at every level of the society whether it is social participation, economic opportunity and economic participation, political participation, access to education or access to nutrition and reproductive health care. A significant few in the society still consider women as sex objects. Gender disparity is high, crimes against women are increasing and violence against women is all time high and in most cases go unreported. Dowry related problems and death is increasing and is profoundly manifesting in the urban population. Workplace harassment of women is another phenomenon which is rapidly increasing as more women join the workforce. Early age marriages are still taking place in large numbers and the number of girls going to school is abysmally low. Moreover majority of the girls who join the school drop out by the age of puberty to get married and live a life of drudgery. Female feticide and infanticide is starring the nation as one of the biggest social crisis. All this is happening despite the fact that there are number of programmes and policy initiatives that is being run by the government and other bodies. The year 2001 was declared as the National policy for empowerment of women. So it is time to ask the question whether we are moving in the right direction and where are we in terms of the paper actions and the actual ground realities. Women empowerment in India: Discrimination against women in all walks of life One of the major aspects of women empowerment in India is to change the attitude of society towards women. The problem in India is that the society never worked on the premise of gender equality from a long-long time. Atrocities and discrimination against women is a way of daily life in Indian society. There is an attitude which still prevails in India where women are considered to be only worthwhile of household activities and managing the children. The veil system, child marriage and dowry are testimonies to this truth. Women have never been part of the mainstream society in India and they are still considered as a great liability. If we just look at the sex ratio it will show the plight of women in India. It is the lowest at around 933. Female literacy is just 54. 6 % as per 2001 Census. In Indian parliament and assemblies women have never represented more than 10%. Most of the women workers in India are outside the organized sector. Administrators, managers, professionals combined together and technical workers on the other hand are the lowest at 2. 3% and 20 % respectively. Now these figures gives the real truth of the actual mentality of the society which has restricted women, marginalized w omen and discriminated against women quite openly. Can we achieve women empowerment in India with these alarming and dismal figures? djustments and sharing of gender based specific performance or tasks which are Women empowerment in India: Ending gender inequality and gender bias It has to be understood that unless we change the basic social attitude which cultivates gender inequality and gender bias we would not be able to achieve much in terms of women empowerment in India. There are many laws and there have been many amendments that have been carried out to end the discrimination against women and empower women in all aspects of life. Gender equality is enshrined in Indian constitution and constitution empowers the state to end the gender based discrimination against women. There is reservation of seats in local bodies and municipalities and another law is being envisioned for reservation in parliament. But the sad part is that all these laws and amendments have become toothless as the fundamental problems lies in the attitude of the society which is highly biased against women. Now what is the solution? The only solution is for women to come together as a unifying force and initiate self empowering actions at the ground level. Let it happen even if it is at a slow pace initially but it must happen despite however small the initial steps might look like. So the connection is very clear. Once we work towards self empowerment through small number of infinite actions, we become aware of the ground realities and then we can think about taking further recourse towards changing the mindset of the society which fosters gender inequality and bias. When we talk about women empowerment in India the most important aspect that comes into the mind is the attitude of the society towards women. Women are still considered as burden and liabilities. They are also considered as properties. These kinds of attitudes give birth to the evil of violence against women. Women empowerment in India is not possible unless violence against women is eradicated from the society. National Commission of women was created in 1992 and Convention of elimination of all forms of discrimination against women was ratified in 1993. Apart from the laws and policy formulations the violence against women can be only tackled through attitudinal change that need to take place in the family, in the society and the female members of the society as well. Only this attitudinal change and proactive action against violence by every single individual will help in galvanising the slumbering structures of the government and society towards further concrete steps and action. Unless society accepts gender equality as a fundamental principle of human existence all efforts will only partially bear results. Gender sensitisation and gender training is primary need of the hour. The struggle of gender equality should be carried at every level and it should overcome the barriers of caste, class, race and religion. RIDDLES 1. There is a bus full of people travelling over San Francisco and no one gets off the bus throughoutthe journey. But when it gets to the other side there is not a single person left. How is thispossible? A. They are all married. 2. How do you fit ten horses (pictures. All seperate pictures. ) in 9 boxes? A. One letter for each stable. [T][E][N] [H][O][R][S][E][S] 3. What can keep you alive but kill someone else? What can let you have fun but can take you away? A. The sea 4. What is seven lettersis greater than god more evil than the devil a homeless person has it a wealthy person needs it what is it? A. splinter 5. figure out if you can read this or not Yy u r Yy 4 me u b i c u Yy 4 me A. to wise you are to wise for me you be I see you to wise for me 6. there is 3houses the red house is next to the white house and the white house right of the red house the blue house is next to the white house. wheres the white house at? A. this is not only a trick question it can be a normal question the white is in the middle and washington d. c/ in the riddle you can always trick to person you told it to if they think its a normal question and say in the center or middle u can say was How to cite Litrature Review on Fii’s Impact on Indian Banking Sector, Papers

Counseling Johns Case Study

Question: Discuss about the Counseling for Johns Case Study. Answer: Introduction Counseling services are essential to help people overcome challenges and lead a happy life. People face stressful situations in their daily activities or within their families and social interactions. Negative experiences deprive individuals of their happiness and can cause distress that has far-reaching impacts. Counselors come in to help affected people psychologically and give hope and positive energy needed to enhance attainment of life goals. A case study discussing counseling activities with John can provide an in-depth understanding of the usefulness of this practice to the society. John is a teacher aged 44 and has been working for over 15 years. Despite his long-term teaching experience, John feels unappreciated at the workplace. He also faces hardships in his family. Of late, there are increased conflicts between John and his spouse. Moreover, his son aged 17 is undergoing psychiatric assessments after the Institute of Health diagnosed him with a personality disorder recent ly. John requires counseling help to cope with the unfavorable turn of events and make appropriate decision to drive his career forward. In this report, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) tool was chosen for use in stage assessment; before, during and after. In addition, Taylor-Johnston Temperament analysis was also used. This report outlines the counseling journey with John focusing on suitable counseling theories, ethical and professional considerations, and responsibilities. Eventually, the paper provides recommendations to help John advance in his career. Counseling theories 1: John Hollands theory The Hollands theory is useful to help John overcome problems, particularly in the work place. The theory emphasizes that people prefer to work in an environment involving like-minded colleagues to attain job satisfaction (Nauta, 2013). Additionally, the method supports an environment that enables people to apply their skills and capabilities as well as expressing themselves even when taking on workplace tasks. The theory outlines six attributes about career people: realistic, investigative, enterprising, social, artistic, social and conventional individuals. People feel comfortable and motivated to work with people sharing similar attributes. Working with people who follow in other categories does not provide fulfillment at work and would make one to search for other favorable work environments (Sharif, 2015). These elements are observable in the case of John. As a teacher, John feels unappreciated at work that affects his performances. By applying the Hollands theory, it is possible to determine the category where John falls and give advice on promising ways to enhance his career. To accomplish all this, it is important to develop objectives before, during, and after evaluations of a patient. Before the assessment, the objective is to gather right information about the Hollands theory and establish relationships with the patient. Following this, John would know necessary information relating the assessment. During this stage, the counselor seeks the informed consent of the patient before beginning the tests. The counselor also addresses the patients concerns related to the scheduled evaluations (Sharif, 2015). Examples of these issues include the handling of results, risks, instruments for use, and other relevant information. After laying down the structure, the counselor proceeds to carry out the evaluations. In the case of John, the counselor would aim to identify the category of work environment suitable for the patient. He or she leads John in exploring all the six attributes by way of asking questions, interviews, or using other assessment tools. After the assessment, the counselor analyses the data for Johns character at work that influence his feelings of little or no appreciation. After the evaluations, the instructor produces the results to specified persons (Nauta, 2013). The results inform the patient about the issues that affect careers. The findings also guide the counselor in determining the kind of advice to offer to enable the John overcome the challenges in work and promote his career. The counselor follow-up to help the patient apply skills gained as well as overcome difficulties in implementation. Counseling Theories 2: John Krumboltz's Theory Another theory suitable for counseling John is the Krumboltzs approach that recommends for indecisiveness among career people. Krumboltz believes that it is desirable to be indecisive in career to enable unplanned events that can lead to great outcomes (Krumboltz, 2015). In addition, indecision can help people adjust to the rapid changes in the labor market because they lack control over such forces. The theory gives insights for people to explore new opportunities or ideas that can enrich their careers. Counselors who apply this theory aim at helping their clients approach possible events or conditions positively. However, this is an overall goal of the method, and counselors can adopt smaller objectives before, during, and after assessment to realize high effectiveness. Before carrying out assessments, the counselor aims to set structure and introduce the theory to clients. Counselors serve patients with guidelines and relevant information that enable them to give informed consent to allow the assessments. During the evaluations, the counselor aims to arouse the indecision attributes using examination instruments. The assessments point out common but unexpected social variables, environmental forces, and situational moments that influence ones life (Krumboltz, Foley, Cotter, 2013). Focus shifts to the presentation and interpretation of findings after the counselor completes assessments. Consequently, the counselor develops appropriate guidance and activities for the client to observe to advance their occupations. The advice given incorporates elements of flexibility to cope with wide range of or situations. By utilizing this theory, the counselor helps address all social factors affecting Johns career and facilitate practical advice that promotes growth. Ethical and Professional Practices Ethics and professionalism are vital to the success of counseling programs. Counselors need to observe principles that guide counseling practice to win the patients trust and encourage cooperation (Bond, 2015). By applying professional and ethical guidelines, therapists overcome personal interferences that can potentially undermine the quality of services offered and outcomes. Johns counseling needs demand considerations for all ethical issues that can arise before, during, and after completing the programs. These considerations include maintaining the confidentiality of Johns disclosures (Fisher, 2013). Counseling ethics and professional code requires therapists to keep information shared by patients to themselves to avoid reaching undesired third-parties. It is ethical to protect the patient from perceived or unforeseen consequences when personal information leaks to the public. Conflicts between John and his spouse, dissatisfaction at work, and his sons personality disorder can ha ve negative implications for him and the family members. The public could look down upon them as a failed family, which has emotional consequences that affect their social interactions or image. Another important aspect is full disclosure of the counseling programs and relevant information. A patient requires comprehensive knowledge about all the activities and contents of therapies to help in making informed decisions (Bond, 2015). Patients lack high awareness of the risks exposed by sharing personal information, assessments on their bodies, and implications of adopted strategies. A therapist needs to give all necessary details and seek the consent of the patients. Providing comprehensive information also enables the patients to open up and share more facts that help the counselor give accurate advice. Additionally, the patients learn about their liabilities relating to counseling practices that can assist in determining legal actions to take against counselors in case outcomes are undesirable. Counselors are also expected to exercise due care and avoid negligence that poses high risks for the clients. Therapists are prone to mistakes in offering their services and are liable for associated consequences on the patients. The counseling profession and code of ethics discourage negligent behaviors of practitioners (Levitt, Moorhead, 2013). Counselors have an obligation to ensure all activities carried out attain minimum standards. By doing this, the counselors take precautions to minimize chances of unexpected repercussions on their patients (Welfel, 2012). Although counseling rules can help prosecute the therapists, negligence on individuals can have devastating consequences not possible to correct by punishing the practitioners. For instance, in a case of negligent behaviors that lead to a permanent breakup between John and his wife, punishing the counselor may not help reconcile the two spouses. Ethical and professional considerations assist the counselors to perform their responsibilities throughout the journey with their clients. Responsibilities Counseling involves various tasks and responsibilities for therapists as well as their customers. Therapists are in charge of all activities before, during, and after counseling programs. Counselors have a duty to carry out assessments of the patients before determining the appropriate programs for the clients (Hbert, Caughy, Shuval, 2012). A fundamental guideline in examining the patients conditions entails safeguarding their welfare. Evaluations carried out should not expose the clients other closely related individuals to dangers. Counselors are required to demonstrate competence when using and interpreting assessment instruments. There are minimum levels of competence set before carrying evaluations (Richards, Dykeman, Bender, 2016). Counselors who do not meet these performances should seek assistance or refer the patients to other more experienced professionals. The counselors should also ensure the assessment instruments selected are appropriate. Using unsuitable tools reduce the reliability of results due to low accuracy. Inaccuracies have an influence on the eventual outcomes of the patients may not overcome their conditions. Counselors have an obligation to seek the consent of the clients before attending to them. They should give full explanations to their customers who make decisions on whether to accept or reject the assessment (Low, Kok, Lee, 2013). The counselors are required to give details about the recipients of evaluation results and obtain consent of the client. Upon assessment, the counselors provide results to the qualified personnel. Authorized people ensure the results do not reach undesired individuals who may compromise the treatment process or expose patients to increased risks. Counselors also play roles of diagnosing possible mental disorders (Zheng et al., 2016). Clients experience psychological problems that can be linked to mental problems. Determining any underlying mental problem can help in developing effective interventions. It is the responsibility of therapist to perform proper diagnosis, demonstrate cultural sensitivity, and explore the history and social prejudices to ident ify any mental problems. Other responsibilities include selecting therapy treatment instruments. Evaluations lead to the determination of a clients problems to enable the development of the treatment program. Therapists have the duty to ensure they select suitable devices. They would apply referral information to avoid choosing inappropriate methods (Whiston, 2012). Further, counselors have a role to play regarding the selection of the conditions of assessing or administering treatments. Conditions during the administration of therapies influence the outcomes significantly. Therapists need to adopt conditions that suit the state of the patients and consistent with the evaluation results. The environment where intervention takes place should be supportive to the patients to heighten outcomes. It is necessary to incorporate technological capabilities to facilitate administration (Balkin, Juhnke, 2013). Appropriate technologies help produce accurate results. Therefore, counselors should ensure technologies ado pted function correctly to produce desired outcomes. After evaluation and administration of care, the counselors have a task to follow up and ensure clients apply skills gained effectively, as well as, recommending for improvements. Recommendations Johns case provides opportunities for applying counseling principles to help solve his problems and enable progress in his teaching occupation. John requires concepts of several counseling theories to promote outcomes (Low, Kok, Lee, 2013). This report has focused on two methods that address Johns issues: conflicts with his wife, job dissatisfaction, and stress of his son who was diagnosed with personality disorder. These problems hinder John from advancing his careers. The Hollands theory is useful to help John grow in his career by recognizing like-minded people in the workplace environment, who are easier to work with. Counselors helping John should consider adopting other theories to support the Hollands principles, and thereby heighten outcomes (Capuzzi, Gross, 2013). Additionally, the Krumboltzs approach of indecisiveness can help john deal with unexpected issues in his life that threated his career prosperity. This method is desirable but requires reinforcement of other idea s to realize increased outcomes. The theory may not address all issues related to conflicts with his wife and stress of the suffering son that affects Johns commitment in his career. Borrowing other ideas provide diverse information to enables John adjust to the changes and enhance chances of succeeding in occupation. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate several approaches to allow attainment of the most appropriate solutions. Conclusion This report described counseling practice for helping people to overcome problems and lead happy lives. Emphasis has been given to counseling theories and responsibilities of counselors before, during, and after intervention programs. The contents of the report are tailored to meet the needs of John. He is a teacher dissatisfied with his work, conflicts with his spouse, and has a son suffering from personality disorder. Counseling can help overcome these problems by applying theories such as John Hollands and John Krumboltzs approaches. Counselors should carry out all responsibilities utilizing ethical and professional codes. Although the two methods discussed in this paper are helpful, reinforcement ideas of other theories can heighten outcomes. Similar to the case of John, other people can seek for counseling services and work with professionals to overcome life challenges and advance their careers. References Balkin, R. S. Juhnke, G. A. (2013). The Theory and Practice of Assessment in Counseling. London: Pearson Education. Bond, T. I. M. (2015). Standards and Ethics for Counselling in Action. London: SAGE Publications. Capuzzi, D. Gross, D. R. (2013). Introduction to the Counseling Profession: Sixth Edition. London: Routledge. Fisher, M. A. (2013). The ethics of conditional confidentiality: A practice model for mental health professionals. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hbert, E. T., Caughy, M. O., Shuval, K. (2012). Primary care providers' perceptions of physical activity counselling in a clinical setting: a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46(9), 625-631. Levitt, D. H. Moorhead, H. J. H. (2013). Values and Ethics in Counseling: Real-Life Ethical Decision Making. New York: Routledge. Low, S. K., Kok, J. K., Lee, M. N. (2013). A holistic approach to school-based counselling and guidance services in Malaysia. School Psychology International, 34(2), 190-201. Richards, J., Dykeman, C., Bender, S. (2016). Historical trends in counsellor education dissertations. British Journal of Guidance Counselling, 1-12. RodriÃÅ' guez, M. C., France, H., Hett, G. (2013). Diversity, culture and counselling: A Canadian perspective. Calgary: Brush Education. Welfel, E. R. (2012). Ethics In Counseling Psychotherapy. S.l.: Cengage Learning. Whiston, S. C. (2012). Principles and Applications of Assessment in Counseling. New York: Cengage Learning. Zheng, L. X., Keegan, J. P., Rosenthal, D., Talley, W., Hunter, C. A. (2016). Examining the Attributions of Discrimination toward People with Mental Illness among Chinese College Students. The Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling, 22(01), 40-50. Krumboltz, J. D. (2015). Practical career counseling applications of the happenstance learning theory. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14439-021 Krumboltz, J. D., Foley, P. F., Cotter, E. W. (2013). Applying the happenstance learning theory to involuntary career transitions. The Career Development Quarterly, 61(1), 15-26. Nauta, M. M. (2013). Hollands theory of vocational choice and adjustment. Career Development and Counseling. Putting theory and research to work. Second Edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New Jersey, 55-82. Sharif, R. (2015). A Model of Creativity in Organizations: John Holland's Theory of Vocational Choice (1973) at Multiple Levels of Analysis. The Journal of Creative Behavior.

Depression And Relationships Essays - Psychiatric Diagnosis

Depression And Relationships A primary concern for Psychology research is depression. Depression affects a great deal of our population and many aspects of an individual's mental health and well-being. In my research of books, articles, and Internet pages on depression, I chose to base my paper mainly on a 1994 article of a study of depression, entitled Depression, Working Models of Others, and Relationship Functioning, by Katherine B. Carnelley, Paula R. Pietromonaco, and Kenneth Jaffe. This study focuses on the idea that the type of care received in childhood, positive or negative, has a great effect on relationship functioning later in adulthood. But there are two links between child-rearing and relationship functioning: attachment style and depression. Both derive from the type of care received in childhood and affect relationship functioning, and both exert a reciprocal influence on each other in adulthood. The researchers of this study wanted to examine all the correlation's between type of care, attachment style, depression, and relationship functioning. They proposed a three part hypothesis: 1. A less positive childhood would result in an insecure attachment style and depression, 2. Depressives would exhibit a preoccupied or fearful style of attachment, and 3. attachment style would affect relationship functioning more than depression. The research was conducted in two independent studies. The first study sampled 204 college women. Women were studied based on the very plausible assumptions that women are more susceptible to depression than men and relationships carry more significance with women than men. The women were screened using the Beck Depression Inventory, a popular method of testing consisting of 21 multiple choice questions to be administered by a clinician. The questions range in scope from feelings of sadness to loss of libido. From these results, a sample of 163 was taken: 73 whose scores indicated mild depression. From this point the researchers administered various inventories to assess the type of childhood care given, romantic attachment styles, and relationship functioning. Depression appears to be the independent variable, because the sample was selected based on desired levels of depression. Once the distinction in levels of depression had been made, childhood care, attachment style, and relationship functioning were assessed in relation to depression. The actual distinction between independent and dependent variables is confusing. There are almost ten variables in this experiment: mild depression, no depression, dating or not dating (101 out of 163 were involved in stable dating relationships that averaged 19.99 months), positive or negative child-rearing, attachment style (fearful, preoccupied, or secure), and relationship functioning (overall satisfaction, quality of interactions with partner, and conflict resolution style). The confusion arises in that the study is assessing the relationships of so many variables. The second study repeated the first except the sample consisted of recovering clinically depressed married women and non depressed married women. The first hypothesis 1a was confirmed as having a strong correlation between women with negative childhood experiences with their mother and a preoccupied and avoidant attachment style. Hypothesis 1b was confirmed by a strong correlation between childhood experiences and depression. A very strong correlation existed between depression and fearful and preoccupied attachment styles, consistent with the second hypothesis. The researchers found that attachment style had more of an impact than depression, "attachment style was the most consistent predictor of relationship functioning and generally predicted functioning better than depression," consistent with the third hypothesis. The second study consisting of clinically depressed married women, and non depressed women found a correlation between greater fearful avoidance and preoccupation in recovering clinically depressed married women. This study raised several interesting questions: To what can the various types of relationship functioning and the multifarious correlation's between the variables involved be ascribed? Are the factors controlling depression external or internal? How do people develop their "working models" of relationships? Do these models derive from childhood, or are they slowly assimilated over the course of one's life? I would now like to go on to the treatment and results of depression and the affects on the ones they love. When one is depressive, some studies show that one may become more productive at work, they need less, sleep, and also concentrate harder on their work according to Syndrome of The Elite: Bipolar Disorder II, by Carl Sherman. People affected sometimes can have quick, innovative intelligence. They can be charismatic, have more energy, but they can also have extreme mood swings to upset a relationship. When one is treated with a medication such as lithium to stabilize their moods, one may actually benefit from having such a disease. These people will be hard working, need less sleep, and can get ahead in their jobs.

Plastic Automotive Headlamp Lighting Systems essays

Plastic Automotive Headlamp Lighting Systems essays G.E. Plastics, a leading producer of engineering thermoplastics, has announced a new breakthrough in a plastics resin called Lexan. The year is 1953 and Dr. Daniel W. Fox, the scientist responsible for the development of Lexan, describes the Amorphous thermoplastic that combines high levels of mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermal properties, providing designers and engineers with new opportunities for developing innovative, cost-effective products for the industries of computer/electronics, building/construction, optical lenses, medical, household appliances, and automotive. The foresight of Dr. Fox and the entire G.E. plastics product team in the future involving Lexan, has unmistakably contributed to revolutionized consumer products we enjoy. These products could be utilizing any of the one hundred eighty six grades of resins in the Lexan family of Polymers. The dedication of the scientists at G.E. Plastics has continued through their fifty-year anniversary, with the a nnouncement of the next generation Lexan resin, EXL. This super tough polycarbonate of silicone copolymerization reveals improved processability and release properties, better UV weatherability, added low-temperature impact strength, and cold temperature ductility. This new and improved Lexan resin additionally includes increased impact resistance while maintaining its clarity. It is particularly clear why the proud legacy of Lexans fifty years of thermoplastic development is viewed as the flagship product of G.E. Plastics. While the future of Lexan looks bright and clear with G.E., it is just as imperative from a motor vehicle operation stand point to see clearly, especially when the driving conditions require the use of headlamps. Headlamp assemblies are one of many systems of a vehicle to promote a safer operating environment to everyone on our roads and highways. The H.I.D. (high intensity discharge) headlamps consist of a Bez...

Training in Food Safety is Essential for Foodservice Employees Research Paper

Training in Food Safety is Essential for Foodservice Employees - Research Paper Example   Probable undesirable compounds found in foods span a broad range, from environmental contaminants such as dioxins and natural contaminants such as mycotoxins to agrichemicals such as pesticides. A vast majority of incidences of foodborne illnesses are preventable if all food safety principles are adhered to from food production to consumption. Given that it is presently relatively impossible for food producers to guarantee a pathogen free supply of food, foodservice employees serve as critical links in the chain to deter foodborne illnesses. This paper will examine what foodservice employees need to be aware as effective strategies of minimizing the existence and consequences of pathogens or their inherent toxins in food. Food safety is a crucial issue that engulfs the foodservice industry. An in-depth understanding of the procedures encompassed in food safety, as well as the potential causes of foodborne illnesses is quite pertinent for all persons who handle food. It is only kn owledgeable, skilled and highly motivated foodservice employees trained to adhere to the proper procedures coupled with management that effectively keep an eye on employee performances can guarantee food safety (Chapman, Eversley, Fillion, MacLaurin & Powell, 2010). Foodservice employees play quite an integral role in deterring, as well as controlling or managing the epidemics of food borne illnesses. Foodservice managers typically employ the services of a massive number of part-time, as well as full-time employees, to offer food services. Part-time employees are typically aimed at providing flexibility in the workforce. It is, therefore, quite common that foodservice managers hire a large number of part-time, as well as international student employees who have no foodservice history or experience. In addition, many part-time employees work in the foodservice industry for only a brief timeframe before leaving for employment in other fields and industries. As a consequence, part-time employees may typically have lowered awareness of, as well as concern regarding the principles of food safety compared to full-time employees. It is, therefore, critical that managers educate both part-time and full-time employees regarding the issue of food safety, train them to ensure that they make use of appropriate food handling procedures, and assess their overall performance. A number of studies have been carried out to investigate part-time and full-time foodservice employees’ knowledge, practices, training, as well as attitudes, towards food safety. For instance, Chapman (2013) examined food handling practices, the presence of precondition food safety programs, as well as safety knowledge among foodservice scholars at least 40 Iowa schools. The researchers aimed at determining the readiness of foodservice students to implement hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) programs within their foodservice undertakings.

Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 30

Questions - Assignment Example This eases pressure on the mother and feels relaxed now that she has someone to be with during that hectic period. The father can also engage the mother with parenting books and making sure she gets enough rest and good diet. Infant exhibits primitive reflexes that enable them to survive. These reflexes originate from the central nervous system in response to particular stimuli. One of the reflexes that enable the infant survive is rooting reflex that enables the breast feeding infant find mothers nipple. Other reflexes exhibited by infants are sucking reflexes. It is connected to breast feeding reflex and help the infant suck anything that touches the roof of their mouth. Talking to infants give them a good start of language development. It ensures the infant start to master new words and leans the power of new words. This goes a long way in building intimate attachment and lasting relationship. Separation anxiety is a normal emotional stage which occurs when infant start to realize that people and thing exist even without his presence. This is sometimes called object permanence. From an evolutionary aspect, a defenseless child gets anxiety of being separated from the parents who in most of the occasion provide protection. A tried and proven way to solve this problem is for the parents to stay with the infant to allow the baby outgrow that stage. If the parents have to leave, then they can leave the infant with familiar faces which will help the child adjust more quickly. Discipline is an integral part of one life. It helps a person identify the wrongs and the right ways. For children, discipline is grounded on developing a healthy relationship. When the parent understands himself and the child, it becomes easy to know which discipline would work. Avoid power battles helps one to learn the cause of the problem and handle it with better solutions. Besides, understanding the situation which

Economics - Entrepreneur Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Economics - Entrepreneur Case study - Essay Example This position has further been corroborated by the fact that Peter Druker described innovation as the specific function of entrepreneurship thus the first sign of the fact that Sid is an entrepreneur is the fact that he is an innovator- a person who invented something to enhance the flexibility of working within roofing industry. The so called Rail is typical example of the fact that entrepreneurs are always technically savvy persons. Creating capital is often considered as the most important activity performed by the entrepreneur (Thompson, 1999) and the fact that the assumptions made by Sid to capture 1% of the market is indicating towards the fact that he is going to start the creation of capital which would further increase his business as well as employing other persons to create further employment opportunities. However, what is most important to note here is the fact that just innovation may not be sufficient until and unless it is not backed up by the certain characteristics as well as motivations of the entrepreneur. Creativity is considered as one of the biggest motivators for the entrepreneurs to continue to carry on activities which are not only creative in nature but also have the potential to be economically successful. (Mosakowski, 1998). The so called ladder rail of Mr. Sid is an example of how creativity has been the chief source behind the fact that he continued to work on his creative ideas despite a negative response from his company. Thus from this perspective, it is also clear and evident that Mr. Sid is an entrepreneur. Finally, perseverance is the key in entrepreneurship. It helps entrepreneurs to keep going even in the fact of difficulties. This allows them to have the necessary motivational drive to keep pursuing their dreams as once an entrepreneur decide taking a chance than it become difficult to retract from the position and that is what Mr. Sid showed. Despite reduction in the sales prices offered by the major buyers, the

The Effects Of Colonialism On Gender Inequality Politics Essay

The Effects Of Colonialism On Gender Inequality Politics Essay The North/ South divide and gender inequality are intertwined and influence the lives of women in the northern hemisphere significantly different than that from women who are inhabitants of the southern hemisphere. This paper will discuss the role of globalization as a multidimensional process and how it affects the life of women in terms of economic, social, and cultural development. Globalization has led to violations of womens civil rights because of the decline of the welfare state, the increased poverty among women, the role religion plays in fundamentalist societies and in armed conflict. However, it has also caused tremendous opportunities for women to better their lives and hereby setting standards to demand equal women rights. Considering the percentage of women in the world population it is important to study the role of gender equality. Women as laborers and their contribution to their communities and national economies have a significant impact on globalization. In additi on, the emphasis on social justice and democracy as a preferred political ideology to stimulate globalization makes gender issues an important factor. Gender inequality is caused by our social institutions and organizations who suppress womens social and economic rights, often unknowingly, by placing insufficient importance on gender as a factor in decision making. Some say that inequality and economic growth are coexisting phenomena but it is no argument to allow exploitation and marginalization of selected groups. Neo-liberalist thinking promotes globalization but it also creates opportunity for avoidance of social responsibility by governments and multinational corporations. Gender inequality can most effectively be influenced by changing the political agenda. A countrys national governance on legislative, judicial and executive policies will stimulate a dialogue that leads to change. Globalization: North vs. South The term globalization has no accepted definition and therefore the interpretation depending on who uses the term, can vary from a pure economic perspective to a more liberal definition in terms of civil development. Adam Smith described in his book the Wealth of Nations, how economical growth leads to change in social behavior and eventually change in public policy. Globalization by these means is a process whereby a society acquires economic growth and sustainable human development through processes of democratization. However, these processes traditionally do not include gender in negotiation and representation. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and communism as an ideology, institutions that promoted global economies and also the spread of capitalism appeared. The divide between East and West became a divide between North and South now based on economic perspectives instead of political doctrines. Globalization is than characterized by free trade and the virtual removal of borders in order to promote exchange of goods, services and capital between nations. The countries in the northern hemisphere have experienced at least one industrial revolution and therefore have the advantage of being able to produce higher quality goods and using more advanced technology in their production methods. Countries in the Southern hemisphere are predominantly agrarian, so for the most part feudal societies instead of industrialized ones. This observable fact, lack of industrialization, is directly linked to the disadvantages that many developing countries experience, to compete with the countries of the developed world. As a result their participation in the globalization process is limited to being suppliers of raw materials. The Northerners, or developed countries, use these materials to produce high-end products for the world market including to countries who are the very same raw material supplier. The obstacle for developing countries to compete equally is often caused by the backwardness of their economic development based on their history of colonialism. Imperialism and colonialism theorized Imperialism and colonialism are factors one should consider when analyzing a countries successful participation in the global economy. Not only did these phenomena affected the colonialized countries economies by stripping their resources. Its population experienced a so called identity crisis, because they were not used to their independent status nor had they the understanding of political functions and their relationships. The inequality between developed states and developing states is discussed in the politics of modernization by Max Weber. There are three theories that are influencing developing countries. The first one, the Dependency Theory is a marxist inspired theory that entails concepts such as Core or Metropolis, (developed states) Periphery or Satellite ( developing states) and semi periphery( industrialized states that are still considered developing countries). There is a dependency between the Core and Periphery because of their interaction with each other. The core provides technology and expertise and the periphery provides the raw materials. The raw materials are offered very cheap, but in return the high end products are sold for a high price, which results in poorer countries facing a constant deficit between their export and import income. The theory assumes that core and periphery need each other to exist, but based on this interdependence some scholars of Stanfords Universities Hoover Institutions Office of Public Affairs, maintain that globalization is yet another type of imperialism. Marxist ideology as an inspiration for the Dependency Theory, claims that isolation policy provides the solution for getting rid of the unequal interdependence between rich and poor countries. Siegel et al claims that using methods such as import substitution strategy result in decline of export industry which is necessary for investment in technology to achieve advanced phases of industrialization. The theory is challenged by the lack of categorizing NICs, or new industrialized countries. An example of an NIC are oil producing countries, but calling them semi peripheral takes them out of the equation in which core and periphery are compared. To deal with crisis of nation building, state building, participation and distribution, (Almond and Powell 1966) comprehension of the Politics of Modernization is required. This pro-capitalist perspective assumes that modernization will develop similarly in the North and the South. The second theory as described by Burnell and Randall (p17), Gabriel Almonds Political Development Theory, uses a structural model for comparative analysis in which he incorporates input functions (i.e. political socialization, political recruitment, interest articulation and political communication) and output functions (i.e. rulemaking, rule implementation and rule adjudication) as a guiding principle for political development. In addition, a stable government is required to change traditional habits and principles. However, to the contrary, Burnell and Randall ( intro4) claim that developing countries, in their post- colonial phase show: authoritarian rule, political instability, internal conflict, corr uption and politics of religious or ethnic identity. The third theory of modernization, the Globalization Theory focuses on the development of communication, technology and infrastructure leading to global economic integration. According to Burnell and Randall, the Dependency- and Political Development Theory were more concerned with politics and the role of the state, which is completely opposite of the Globalization Theory which mainly focuses on development of global trade, foreign direct investment and global finance. One direct result of this focus is that the nation state loses its autonomy and eliminates one of the most primary functions, security. Protecting of ones borders, economy and inhabitants is a function that is important for very poor countries as their existence is depending on it. The controversy about the modernization theories is that they are based on ethnocentric political perspective. They are promoting an elite group of the haves and/or a capitalist class. The notion that globalization can bring everyone involved up to middle class system is ineligible. The free market system does not work for all developing countries because of the backwardness of their economy ( Burnell Randall, p3). As it took developed countries centuries to get where they are, the developing countries have to go to many stages of development to be able to compete. However, developing countries can not all be categorized in one group and to assume that all countries develop by the same principle is narrow sighted. Although, they do have a history of colonialism in common, their post -colonial development is depending on different factors. The Anglo- Saxon settler countries, United States, Australia, New Zealand and Canada took over the traditions, rules of law and property and indiv idual rights of the motherland, the United Kingdom. As they kept close ties with their previous occupiers by conducting trade and foreign investments, the transition to a developed nation was flawless. In other colonies, we see political fragmentation caused by religious and ethnic division in the countries. The economic effects of imperialism and colonialism are undeniable. The legacy is still noticeable in current world political dynamics and plays a significant role in developing countries ability to develop successful economies and achieve the same standards in civil development and human equality. GLOBALIZATION AND INEQUALITY Globalization decreases inequality! This is a common assumption for most people, but few know how inequality and economic growth are linked. For the purpose of this paper, we have to look at several forms of inequality as gender inequality is coupled with economic, social, and political inequality. Looking at economic growth in most countries, one can conclude that globalization is good for everyone as most people, even the very poor achieve prosperity. Lall et al., discusses the correlation of this viewpoint with Kuznetss hypothesis in which income inequality rises at the beginning of the industrialization process but once established it decreases again. They observed that increased technology, financial and trade globalization increased inequality, while liberalization of trade and financial markets lowered income inequality. The other outlook claims that prosperity is not shared by the whole population and that only a small group benefits from economic growth. As a matter of fact, the alleged income inequality does not advance globalization processes as the so called losers may become a burden on the welfare state. Concurrently, the machinery of globalization is obstructed and not all opportunities are exhausted. For example, proceeds are not invested in the industry but in distribution of income. Social inequality refers to differences in class and status. A good example is the cast system in India, based on religion but also on heritage. The ranking of elite groups based on descend is an inequality that is not a result of globalization. However, the status inherited came with special treatment such as education opportunity and predisposition to economic and other business dealings. In the United States, equality of men, particularly the black man has been legitimized just a few decades ago. Women, especially, the ones that live in fundamentalist religious societies are denied basic social rights and are clearly victims of social inequality. In many develop ing countries political inequality becomes evident in traditional expressions of tribal culture, the client-patron relationships, nepotism and the lack of established laws for civil and constitutional rights. GENDER INEQUALITY Gender inequality is a current world problem and is found in developed and developing countries. The Worldbank claims that in any region, any state and any social class inequality between men and women exists. A few exceptions to this rule are the Scandinavian countries. The strong democratic political structures of Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland and strong women organizations are believed to be the reason for this transformation in policy making. Gender Equality defined as the difference between men and women and equality in their rights perceived fair based on their biological differences. Traditionally, gender differences and roles between men and women is based on the fact that women are the bearers and caregivers of children. Men are physically stronger and therefore, the breadwinners. Each culture has their own interpretations of these gender specific roles, but with globalization socio-economic trends change as well. Inequality, weather economic, social or political have been researched and play a significant role in economic development, but also in human civil development. Gender inequality is linked to appropriate functioning of our social institutions and organizations. Suppression of womens social and economic rights often happens unknowingly because there is insufficient importance placed on gender as a factor in decision making. However, I see patriarchy as the determining factor leading to inequality in womens life. MEASURING GENDER INEQUALITY The United Nations Human Development Report measures inequality between men and women in countries. This method, GEM or Gender Empowerment Measurement, considers political participation and decision making, economic participation and decision making, and the access to economical resources. Than a calculation of each genders percentile in three areas is studied. The first measurement looks at the percentage of each gender in parliament. The second measurement focuses on the level of the position held, whether it is executive or managerial or staff. The last measurement, researches the disparity in income. Both percentage data for female and male are paired for each measurement and combined in the EDEP, (Equally Distributed Equivalent Percentage). The GEM is than calculated by averaging the EDEPs . Gender equality by regiongender_equality_index.jpg WOMENS ROLE IN THE POLITICAL PROCESS For the longest time women have not participated in the political process because of several reasons. First of all, women suffrage has not been an option in every country and was not established until the late 19th century. Most women in developing countries could not vote until the mid 50s. Governing has always been a mans job and until the networks to promote womens voices and their right to be heard were build, participating in the political process was impossible. Another obstacle is illiteracy; about two thirds of the worlds illiterates are women. Rao and Kelleher studied institutions and organizations that are involved in supporting women. They conclude that organizational structure and culture is the problem to the stagnating trend to policy change. The womens conference in Beijing in 1995 proved that women are mobilizing and that womens political activism and NGOs are increasing. The stigma that feminism creates has sometimes worked adversely for grass roots women movements a nd the resistance of a male driven government. Sikoska and Kardam infer in their study that engendering the political agenda is a slow process and requires gender advocacy on a government level. They believe that the focus on getting more women in parliamentarian seats does not warrant that women issues will be addressed. As strange as it might seem gender inequality also exists because of the lack of equality consciousness by both men and women. gender_education1.jpg INCOME AND LABOR Women earn less than men and this phenomenon arises in both developing and developed countries. This inequality has been accepted up to the 20th century as normal. Yet, the difference in pay of man and women is a form of exploitation as the employer can make additional profit based on the income inequality. Swasti Mitters claims regarding the working circumstances in the technology manufacturing industry in India , confirms my idea that in globalization the primary concern is profit. She says that in order to mobilize the employees to demand unions and healthy work environments their needs to be an opportunity for change, but as employees in this industry are so easily replaced it is hard to get support. In most developing countries women do not get paid for work on the land or any other domestic duties. They are required to take care of the children, the animals and very often they function as the head of the family. The patrimonial system, with men as the head of the families preve nt women to own land and therefore, government support for women in the agrarian sector is not available. HEALTH ISSUES Education is a first requirement for women to stimulate their personal and economic growth. Women who are educated are better in monitoring their families health (mothers make sure children get their vaccines) and providing proper nutrition. Burnell and Randall point out that the pronatalist view of developing states increases inequality as women do not have the ability to make choices over their bodies in terms of contraception and abortion. Many women die in labor and because of the restrictions on emergency contraception, local abortion practices lead to serious health issues and sometimes in death. One of the direct results of the government imposed restrictions is overpopulation, which leads to higher poverty and famine. Case studies. Engendering globalization in India India , a member of the BRIC countries because of its tremendous economic growth in the past decades is considered an example of successful globalization. The country has the largest population of one billion inhabitants, in the world. It also has one of the highest poverty levels of approximately 350- million people that are living below the poverty line. The overpopulation and illiteracy is one of the main reasons this country is so poverty stricken, with women and children as the main victims. Although the country has experienced an tremendous economic growth, the selectiveness of the industries involved in this development are not providing revenues for all areas. The middle class has experienced exponential increases in growth and wealth, but this has lead to deeper inequality. With other words, some parts are developing rapidly because of the new economic development (the urban areas) and there is the rural part that does not experience any of the growth. Actually, people in th e rural areas are getting poorer because of the commercialization of agriculture. The New Economic Policy of 1991 instigated by the IMF and the World Bank urged for human development but the policy has not been effective and at some cases it worsened inequality. Rekha Pande argues structural adjustment in particular is not gender neutral and that developmental policies affects both men and women. However, she points out that women carry the double burden of poverty and discrimination. She states that women are underpaid compared to men; they are not credit worthy to achieve loans and do not have the same access to resources as men and that these factors lead to further inequality. Women in general are not considered land owners even if statistics show that agriculture employs 85 % of all working women. The commercialization of agriculture caused many women to lose their source of income, as they could not compete with the bigger farms and landowners now hired cash workers instead of leasing their land to the landless women. CQ Researcher describes how the subsistence economy, where most of these women lived off to feed their families and make some income, providing they could sell their surplus, was now taken away and poverty deepened. Relocation to the urban areas is often the only option available for these female farmers. These displaced farmers become hired workers and are being exploited for very low wages, long working hours and no security or social benefits. Globalization does not provide the kind of richness people from the impoverished layer of the population expect. On the contrary, for many, globalization causes insecurity and inequality. Pande claims that women lose their identity and independence by giving up agriculture for a life of marginalization and pauperization. Case study: Afghanistan Afghanistan a country in South Central Asia, has a population of 28 million inhabitants consisting out of the Pashtuns, 44 % and Tajiks 25%. The remainder is divided over minorities groups. 60 % of the population is female, which is assumed happened because of the war casualties. The poverty rate is very high, in some areas over 90 %. The occupation by the Soviet Union and decades of civil war with the Mujahideen and the Taliban created an environment of economic and political chaos. They lack all essential resources, to stabilize their government but according to Huma Ahmed-Gosh this is the best period to establish a new economic polity because the country is in transf0rmation. The country had an economic growth of over 10% between 2003 and 2008 and the Afghans believe this growth can be achieved again in the very near future (World Bank 2008). USAID and the Afghan government are working together to establish economic programs that diminish poverty, provides security and stimulate t he private sector to do investments and create job opportunities. The agrarian industry is the main source of income for most Afghans. In cooperation with the World Bank a $30 million grant was approved for the Afghanistan Rural Enterprise Development Program to assist farmers in the rural areas. An additional $23 million was pledged by the UK. This pilot program targets 20 different communities and is headed by one male and one female. Savings Groups were set up to be educated in finances and provide small loans to members of the communities. Enterprise Groups were established to create community based activities and projects. For the purpose of integration of women in the economical process, this pilot can already be considered successful as after 4 months over 300 groups were established from which half of them by women. Humah-Ahmed Gosh interviewed three Afghani women in Turin at an International Conference for women about the role of their respective womens organizations and th eir criteria for establishing equal women rights. RAWA, which stands for Revolutionary Association of the Woman in Afghanistan focuses on social justice and human rights for women. HAWCA or Humanitarian Assistance for Women and Children in Afghanistan agenda is to better the lives of women and children through empowerment and support womens involvement in rebuilding Afghanistan through education. The third organization, The All Afghan Womens Union, is headed by Soraya Parlika. She claims that teaching women skills and creating jobs is the best way to change family law and give women autonomy to eventually work to estebling a democratie. Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) are the most productive and effective means to change the political climate in Afghanistan. Globalization can change the patrilineal family structure by eliminating womens economic dependency. Conclusion Globalization and gender inequality are closely intertwined with each other. My studies of the subjects taught me that a thriving globalization process is dependent on many factors and there is significant variations in how each individual country s development is affected by these factors. First of all, the divide between North and South or rich and poor if you will, has an intricate influence on the ability of nations to fully exhaust the opportunities of globalization. That the Northerners had an advantage in the globalization race because of their role in imperialism is a fact. These nations already had gone through various stages of industrialization and achieved a higher level of civilization, resulting in higher educated employees and advanced industrialization technologies. In addition, their wealth opened opportunities for fast capital investments with tremendous gain. Most of the worlds multinational corporations were founded in the North, and that is where the profits are disbursed. The settler colonies are an exception to the rule as they were able to develop thriving economies in their post- colonial phase. Burnell and Randall analyze this phenomenon as being part of the dichotomy of the colonial elite which makes me think that Orientalism plays a significant role in the interaction between countries of the North and the South. . The role of patriarchy is rooted in society and is one of the main evils causing inequality for women. In the developed world women experience less gender inequality in the form of opportunity but more in the form of outcome. Secondly, as I mentioned processes of democratization are a vital requirement for a countrys economic growth and sustainable development. Democracy as an ideology, develops in different forms and previous colonies did not always develop into a democracy, mainly because of their pluralistic nature. However, globalization did develop in some countries with an authoritarian regime. This happened because of their resources. Good examples are the oil producing countries. In view of that, one can infer that the theories of modernization are incomplete. Some reasons are that they are eurocentric, anachronistic, uni-linear and the belief that politics in developing countries are made by domestic forces. The politics in developing countries are driven by the relationship between the state and society and depends on aspects such as finance, economy and technology. I think that countries, better said political leaders and heads of multinational corporations, are rational actors and that choices made are based on opportunities for personal gain and economic benefits. Women work hard in the development world and with globalization their numbers are increasing. Multinational corporations have transferred their manufacturing activities to developing countries because of their human capital. Globalization as a process should not have a negative effect on women in the developed world if it uses democratic processes and pursues rising the human standards of living. The controversy however, is that free trade and openness of the economic markets is not monitored by states. Transnational corporations have only one goal and that is making profits. In the developed countries regulations were in place to prevent exploitation of the factory workers through trade unions and labor laws. As most developing countries have not experienced an industrial revolution on their own, the process is expedited and some crucial steps of labor development are bypassed. Lack of education and poverty are the drivers for many women to sustain the treatment experienced in their work environments. Changing the politics and mentality is a slow process and NGOs promoting the welfare of women gain only small victories. The nation state should take control by using their sovereignty and demand changes when it comes to abuse of their inhabitants. The dominance of the richer states undermines this right, but it is apparent that countries like India and China are being listened to. Once a standard is set it can easily be globalized as a standard for all countries. I used India as an example in a case study because of my hypothesis. My choice was lead by factors such as the level of successfulness of this countries globalization, but also the adverse effect of globalization on the female population, resulting in gender inequality. Afghanistan on the other hand is an example, from which I believe that globalization can effect gender inequality positively. As shown by the humanitarian aid projects, whereby womens involvement is strong, interference by fundamentalist religion diminished. As discussed by Osborne and Gaebler, governments should steer not row. The conflict needs policies to resolve gender inequalities on a global scale as the diversity among people and the differences in cultures and tradition ask for different measures in each country. Therefore a global effort is needed by cooperation of the nation states. I researched India as an example because it fits my hypothesis that globalization can cause more inequality for women. With other dominance of the richer countries, their MNCs, foreign investmSecondlyents and transfer of resources has undermined the role of India as a nation state. ORIENTALISM AND RACIAL DOCTRINESj *Empowerment thru collective action instead of culture Women who are involved in subsistence economies and do not partake in the industrialization process. Globalization in Developing countricesk Globalization in fundamentalist societies Inequality as a tool Traditionally, men monopolize politics and Organisations The role of Democratie Engendering local and national politics References Hoover Institution: globalization versus imperialism Hoover Report February 11, 2002 Hoover Daily Report, produced by the Hoover Institution Office of Public Affairs Florence Jaumotte, Subir Lall,and Chris Papageorgiou : Rising Income Inequality Technology, or Trade and Financial Globalization?

Tanzanias Climate Essay -- Tourism Africa Global Warming Environment

Tanzania's Climate Tanzania represents a wealth of ecological diversity, ethnic diversity, and geographical diversity. It contains both the tallest mountain in Africa as well as the largest lake, and is a tourist hotspot for safaris and expeditions to Mt. Kilimanjaro. The citizens of Tanzania are utterly dependent on the weather for their two major businesses, agriculture and tourism. Thus, the climate of Tanzania is worth examining in greater detail. Tanzania has two distinct seasons, wet and dry. However, the northern region of Tanzania can experience two wet seasons, the longest of which spans from March to May and the shortest from November to December. The March to May period is known as â€Å"the long rains†, during which excessive rainfall occurs. The shorter period from November to December is known as â€Å"the short rains†, where rainfall occurs intermittently and may last into January. The rest of the country experiences one wet season from November to May. Since Tanzania is located in the Southern hemisphere, December to March can be considered the country’s summer, and June to September its winter. The seasons are â€Å"in fact the transition between the two main trade wind systems which dominate at different times of the year; the northeasterly trades between December and March, and the southeasterlies between June and September† (Sumner 53-66). Caused by the highly cyclic weather patterns of the intertropical convergence zone, these trade winds are the main factor in determining the change of seasons and are abetted by the very geography of Tanzania. The flow of air over the East African plateau causes the formation of the Southerly Jet which in turn regulates the Indian monsoon season. The jet flows in parallel to Ta... ...does not bode well for its inhabitants. If remedial measures are not taken, Tanzania’s economy and quality of life will suffer greatly in the near future, and we as a planet will suffer greater consequences in the far future due to the rising temperature of the Earth. Works Cited: Alverson, Keith, et al. "A Global Paleoclimate Observing System." Science 293.5527 (2001): 47-8. Nieuwolt, S. "Rainstorm Distributions in Tanzania." Geografiska Annaler.Series A, Physical Geography 56.3/4 (1974): 241-50. Sumner, G. N. "Daily Rainfall Variability in Coastal Tanzania." Geografiska Annaler.Series A, Physical Geography 65.1/2 (1983): 53-66. Zhou, Guofa, et al. "Association between Climate Variability and Malaria Epidemics in the East African Highlands." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101.8 (2004): 2375-80.

Multifocal learning Essay

Everybody has their own learning styles. Some learn by seeing, some by hearing, some by reading or writing and some by experiencing things. Multifocal learning is the preferred learning style for majority of the learning population. Multifocal learning can be a combination of Visual and Auditory or Read/Write or Kinesthetic. It can also be a combination of 2or 3 of the above mentioned leaning styles. Multifocal Learning helps to use more strategies to learn and communicate. So based on the questionnaire aural, read/write and kinesthetic is the preferred learning style. For the multifocal learners, they prefer more techniques of learning and they may feel incomplete if they have to stick to only one strategy. To learn new things in desirable way, one is comfortable and they have to make useful what they are involved and to get good grades, one has to prefer one main learning strategy and make use of the other strategies as a support. Of the three strategies mentioned in the preferred leaning styles, read / write is the one which sounds good. Compared to strategies like aural, read / write and kinesthetic, read/write has more benefits. Most people use some or all of the instructions mentioned below if reading / writing is strongly preferred. The information is taken in the best way if one will do lists of readings , note headings, refer dictionaries, mark glossaries, have definitions and handouts, do reading like read textbooks and library readings, have notes of whatever you learn, read essays, note the good words and notes from the teachers and use of manuals for lab purposes. To benefit maximum from the r/ w one has to repeatedly write the words until memorized and also read the notes frequently to be up-to-date. Also its benefits from rewriting, in other words, of the ideas and principles learned. One has to be organizing the diagrams, graphs or charts into more comprehensible. Note answers for exams, multiple choice questions should be practiced, practice writing essays, arranging the words to hierarchies or points and listing the points by 1,2,3,4. Speaking about Kinesthetic learning, we have to use all our senses like sight, touch, taste, smell and hearing, go to lab, have field tours and trips, will remember lectures which gives real life examples, will remember the examples cited, the applications and exhibits, needs recipes for problem solutions , have to have hands on approach, also needs trial and error methods. There will be literally no lecture notes and will have to remember real things occurred. Using pictures to show the idea.  They have to recall experiments or go back to lab. Have to use examples into the studies to memorise. Have to relate to situations to recollect later and having role play the situations or talking to another person will help to improve learning. And the last method Aural learning, one has to be attending classes and tu torials, topics should be discussed with friends and teachers, use tape recorders to listen, Also remembering the examples from sroties or jokes. Also decription of pictures and other visuals to someone who was not present at the time and leaving spaces in the notes to recall later and fill it. Others to listening to the notes you make for better understanding. Reading your notes aloud and explaining the notes to another aural person will be a good idea. Imagine that you are talking to the examiner. To recall the ideas it is good to be in quite places. Say your answers aloud or in your head. On evaluation study habits should be improved in various areas to enhance knowledge. The most important are as follows, one has to try to learn as much things as possible as they come up in the lecture, classes or sessions and also have to spend time on those before the due of assignments or tests. It’s a good idea to learn things from daily life which helps us in our practical knowledge. Reading news and journals will improve the general knowledge. Always find some time to clear all your doubts with your professors. Put your wok and study in a way that it will not interfere with each other. Finally good eating and rest is an inevitable part for good learning. VARK learning style assessment is widely used process which helps to direct one’s learning styles. As it gives the options of the learning styles one can have different learning strategies which help to improve learning. The VARK questionnaire gives options to people to the different ways to learning. Also it is useful for people who have difficulty in learning in their ways. VARK is used in the fields of business, sports, and education and training purposes. But it’s very important that the learning style is one’s own preference. There is no limit in the way to learn or there is no particular style or any advantage to have any of the learning strategies. The best way is to choose from the different available learning strategies, either one or in combination, which works best for you. Visual learning is mainly by videos, slide shows, pictures or postures. Also textbooks with pictures and diagrams help a lot. Graphs, flowcharts, symbols, also using highlighters to underline different topics and gestures  and picturesque language used for teaching by lecturers also include in the visual learning.

Modern History – Nazism as Totalitarian

Germany was a totalitarian state, however, only to an extent due to differing perspectives Nazi Germany did not fit the universal criteria of what constitutes totalitarianism. It is unarguably necessary that Germany was ran by a single party, had absolute control over mass communication & media, had a systematic terror & police control as well as total control over the army. However, many have argued that Nazi Germany was not totalitarian as it did not have total control over the economy and Hitler’s role in regime of the Nazism played a significant role in whether or not Germany was totalitarian. Views of Hitler’s role in the Nazi state concerning whether or not Germany was totalitarian changed over time, from when Hitler was the absolute centre and in complete control of Nazism to the view of ‘Working towards the Fuhrer’. Germany was a totalitarian state to an extent. Joseph Goebbel was the Minister for Enlightenment and Propaganda, who strictly repressed all public communications such as censoring all aspects of newspapers, heavy censorship of films, events that were organised to place Nazis’ message in a positive light as well as the effectively using the radio. Radios were cheap and when manufactured, they were preset to Nazi stations only. Through this aspect, civilians were constantly exposed and brainwashed to believe the righteousness of the principles of Nazism such as broadcasting Hitler’s speeches in full and placing glorifying Nazis. Newspaper editors were told daily of what stories were to be published, opinions to be expressed and even graphics. The ‘Fuhrer Myth’ played a significant role in Nazi propaganda: it portrayed Hitler to be a man who was born to lead Germany, ordinary yet extraordinary. Hitler had ended the Depression; he was anti-Marxist, thus he would save Germany from Communism; and he was willing to take action to save Germany from hated aspects such the Treaty of Versailles. The image portrayed was propaganda and was more or less a lie, thus proving that Nazi Germany was a totalitarian state. Hitler had learnt a lesson in 1923, to gain power and popularity he must gain it through the legal processes. After the series of events that lead to Hitler’s appointment as Chancellor, he legally pushed out any parties that had any possible means of opposition out of the framework of Nazi Germany, therefore leaving no room for individuality. The sworn personal allegiance of the army to Hitler is also another factor that confirms that Nazi Germany was a totalitarian state. It is evident to understand that there are concepts in which Nazi Germany is not considered to be a totalitarian state. There are different viewpoints of Germany that determines whether or not Germany was a totalitarian state during the Nazi regime. One viewpoint is that Hitler was the absolute centre and in complete control of Nazism. This idea established that all aspects during his rule went with the direct consent from Hitler himself, no policies were made without the reference of his ideology and all successes & problems could be Hitler’s responsibility. This aspect showed historians that Nazi Germany was a totalitarian state: Hitler had detailed understanding of specific situations, the public’s grievances, Europe’s fear of communism, gaining power through legal proceedings and the importance of the link between terror and propaganda in which he used to his advantage to seize control over the entire country. This perspective is contrasted with the modern viewpoint of ‘Working towards the Fuhrer’. Hitler was not interested in the day to day running of things, his attention was mainly concentrated on his ‘will’ and his plan for Germany which was a basis that took Germany forward. Often, Hitler would not make decisions hence leaving situations pending. Due to this issue, policy makers had to create or amend programs and policies that followed the in line of Hitler’s way of thinking. This concept explained the reasons why the regime become more radical as time wore on. Hitler’s beliefs such as ridding the Jews, destroying the Bolsheviks, creating the Aryan race lead to such events such as the Night of the Broken Glass and killings of those who did not fit the criteria of the Aryan description. The idea that Hitler was seen to above the day to day running of things, played a part in demonstrating the ‘Fuhrer Myth’ proved that he was beyond reproach thus, his followers must followed his line of thinking. This viewpoint shows that despite having complete control over media and communication, Germany was a totalitarian state, only to an extent. Another aspect that constitutes a totalitarian state is that it must have an official ideology. Nazi Germany, despite every civilian owning ‘Mein Kampf’, did not have an official ideology like the Soviet Union, which in theory, wanted a classless society. Nazism was a cluster of disassociated ideas that were tied together by Hitler whereas the Soviet Union had Marxism and Communism. As a result of this failure to fill the point of having an official ideology, it shows that Germany was not a totalitarian state. Significant aspects of Nazi Germany proves that it was a totalitarian state, such as its complete control over media and communication, Germany’s evident systematic terror and control as well as power over the army. However, due to differing perspectives, it is clear that Germany was a totalitarian state, only to an extent as it did not have an official ideology, and total control over the economy

Marriage A sociaological Perspective essays

Marriage A sociaological Perspective essays The Institution of Marriage: A Sociological Perspective According to Webster, marriage is defined as the institution whereby men and women are joined in a special kind of social and legal dependence for the purpose of founding and maintaining a family. That sounds simple enough however, it was not always so. During the seventeenth century arranged marriages were commonplace. The primary purpose of marriage was to bring together family and property. In the colonial period couples married for friendship. Not until the 1800s did love and romance become central to marriage. Now marriage is seen as the merging of individuals instead of families. Since then the words love and marriage have gone hand in hand. Christianity defines marriage as a holy union under god. Couples accept one another for better or for worse until death do they part. The church frowns upon the mere mention of divorce and although the values surrounding marriage have evolved, forsaking the sacrament of marriage is a sin in the eyes of a Christian god. Values such as activity and work, humanitarianism, religiosity and romantic love define the ideal Christian model although, real culture differs somewhat. External influences create variables that affect change in how individuals prioritize their values creating the real culture that more closely resembles modern society. Americans place high value on achievement and success, an area that is augmented through education and gauged by the accumulation of material wealth. Individualism is a symptom of the economics of capitalism. The individuals goals and chances for success are enhanced by efficiency and practicality, which is in turn enhanced by technological progress. As the costs of living increase marriage has become a convenient solution to affording better quality of life. Herein lies a paradox. A pair ...

Leaders in the making of Americas Revolution and Goverment Essay

Leaders in the making of Americas Revolution and Goverment - Essay Example One of the main causes that initiated the revolutionary war was the geographic distance that separated the colonies from Great Britain (Countryman 5). Many colonists migrated from Great Britain to gain independence and to seek their own personal freedoms that the King George III clearly neglected (Countryman 10). The desire to colonize the new world generally meant more liberation and strong urgency of independence. Another root cause the American Revolutionary War was the colonial legislatures that were enacted by the King (Countryman 13). The enactment of these laws meant that that the colonies continued to be pass laws and pay taxes to atone the sins of the Great Britain. Tom Paine’s in his literary work the â€Å"common sense† described King George as a â€Å"royal brute.† King George III can be considered an â€Å"unfit leader† in many aspects. First and foremost is the fact that he used the colonist’s tax money to fund his poor decisions as a King but also to pay for his son’s misfortunes. In essence, he utilized the tax money to fund another of his son’s illegal marriage (Brooks 45). Furthermore, he continued to useless acts such as the sugar and stamp act to fund his useless ventures. George III is often accused of consistently trying to keep Great Britain at war with America, despite the opinion of his cabinet. According to his perspective, the King wanted to "keep the rebels harassed, anxious, and poor, until the day when, by a natural and inevitable process, discontent and disappointment were converted into penitence and remorse"(â€Å"Boston Tea Party Facts†). King George III clearly had a safety net to protect himself when he was in trouble. In order to fund his financial burdens, the King would impose illogical taxes to the colonists. The colonists saw this as an oppression towards their liberty as their hard work was subjected to pointless tariffs (Brooks 26). Clearly, King George III was no t as noble as he seemed. He refuted to abolish slavery in the colonies and imposed his personal will at every given point (Brooks 22). The King dissolved many of the legislations that the colonies demanded. Undoubtedly, he would not allow new legislations to be enacted, which created an unsecure atmosphere with an unstable government that the colonists could not afford to possess. Lastly, the root cause of American Revolutionary was due to the salutary neglect that the colonists had to face. Salutary Neglect was an accumulation of different policies that the Great Britain implemented during the eighteenth century, which comprised of a relaxed and indifferent enforcement of the Navigation Acts in the colonies (Murray 15). Although the British had a strict policy in mercantilism, the British Prime Minister had no problem enforcing salutary neglect (Murray 15). From the King’s perspective, salutary neglect deemed necessary in order to mitigate the risk of a revolution and mainta ining his power in the throne (Murray 20). In addition, enforcing salutary neglect would no doubt diminish any chance of stimulating the economy of the colonies. As an effect of flaring tensions between the colonies and the new tariffs that were levied by the highness himself, many American leaders began to adopt Liberal and Republican ideals (Murray 55). John Locke, the famous historian, was a key figure who influenced the American leaders to adopt to the â€Å"